![]() Often, after a short travel, the projectile restabilizes in a nearly 'base-first' attitude, rotated about 150 degrees from its original orientation. After impact, most spin stabilized projectiles tumble rather violently, primarily because the spin rate necessary to stabilize them in air is several orders of magnitude less that that that would be required to stabilize in water. That being said, the general plan of the underwater trajectory is fairly well understood. This gave a rough idea of the depth of the shell at any point, and its deflection as well, although its orientation and speed often remained unknown.Ī lot more testing was done during World War II, but unfortunately - at least for those interested in gunnery - most of these tests involved the entry characteristics of torpedoes and rockets, both of which are typically much longer than a spin stabilized projectile, and both of which typically enter the water at well under the velocities normally encountered with projectiles. In practical terms, about the best that could be done was to fire the projectile 'short' so that it subsequently passed through a series of nets. once from the top (for deflection) and once from the side, (for trajectory curvature). Prior to the advent of modern technologies, about the only way to track a projectile in its underwater trajectory was via photography, and this ended up being entirely impractical due to the the obscuring effects of the impact splash along with the need to photograph the subsequent movement of a bullet that was often twenty or more feet below the surface, in two directions simultaneously, i.e. Very few tests were completed, and in those tests which were completed, the results were often problematical. The underwater ballistics of spinning projectiles tends to be highly unpredictable.
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